The error message you're seeing,

"session_refresh_required"

, indicates that the login session is too old to update certain fields, such as the password. This is a security measure to ensure that the user making the changes is indeed the authenticated user. To resolve this issue, you need to re-authenticate by initiating a new login flow. The error message provides a URL in the

redirect_browser_to

field that you can use to do this. The URL includes a

refresh=true

query parameter, which is used to refresh the session. Here's the URL from your error message:

<http://localhost:4433/self-service/login/browser?refresh=true&return_to=http%3A%2F%2Flocalhost%3A4433%2Fself-service%2Fsettings%3Fflow%3D9bd2fd32-0e5c-4f39-8230-254fcb9793ab>

You can either redirect the user to this URL or initiate a new login flow with the

refresh=true

query parameter. This will prompt the user to log in again, thus refreshing the session. For more information, you can refer to the [Ory Kratos User Settings & Profile Management Documentation](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/self-service/flows/user-settings) and the [Ory API Reference](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/reference/api#operation/initializeSelfServiceLoginFlowForBrowsers).

To initiate the login flow yourself, you need to make a request to the appropriate endpoint depending on the type of application you're working with. Here are the steps for different types of applications: 1. Server-side browser clients: Make a GET request to the

/self-service/login/browser

endpoint. Here's an example using `curl`:

bash curl -s -i -X GET \     -H "Accept: text/html" \     <https://playground.projects.oryapis.com/self-service/login/browser>

[Source](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/self-service/flows/user-login#login-for-server-side-browser-clients) 2. Client-side (AJAX) browser clients: Make a GET request to the

/self-service/login/browser

endpoint with

Accept: application/json

header. Here's an example using `curl`:

bash curl -v -s -X GET \     -H "Accept: application/json" \     <https://playground.projects.oryapis.com/self-service/login/browser> | jq

[Source](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/self-service/flows/user-login#login-for-client-side-ajax-browser-clients) 3. Native applications: Make a GET request to the

/self-service/login/api

endpoint. Here's an example using `curl`:

bash curl -X GET \     -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \     -H 'Accept: application/json' \     https://$<http://PROJECT_SLUG.projects.oryapis.com/self-service/login/api|PROJECT_SLUG.projects.oryapis.com/self-service/login/api>

[Source](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/bring-your-own-ui/custom-ui-basic-integration#create-login-flow) 4. API Clients and Clients without Browsers: Make a GET request to the

/self-service/login/api

endpoint with

Accept: application/json

header. Here's an example using `curl`:

bash curl -s -X GET \     -H "Accept: application/json" \     <https://playground.projects.oryapis.com/self-service/login/api> | jq

[Source](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/self-service/flows/user-login#login-for-api-clients-and-clients-without-browsers) Remember to replace

<https://playground.projects.oryapis.com>

with your own Ory Kratos server URL and

$PROJECT_SLUG

with your project's slug.

To redirect the user back to the page they were on before the login, you can use the

return_to

query parameter when initializing the login flow. This parameter should be set to the URL of the page the user should be redirected to after re-authentication. Here's an example of how to do this:

bash curl -s -i -X GET \     -H "Accept: text/html" \     "<https://playground.projects.oryapis.com/self-service/login/browser?return_to=https://myapp.com/previous-page>"

In this example, replace

<https://playground.projects.oryapis.com>

with your own Ory Kratos server URL and

<https://myapp.com/previous-page>

with the URL of the page you want to redirect the user to. Please note that the

return_to

query parameter doesn't automatically persist across different flows and must be added to new flows. If the user starts a login flow with

return_to

URL set and then switches to a registration flow, the

return_to

URL isn't used for the registration flow. In such a case, your application can re-use the same

return_to

from the login flow by extracting the

return_to

URL from the login flow's

flow.return_to

and adding it to the registration flow. [Source](https://www.ory.sh/docs/kratos/bring-your-own-ui/custom-ui-advanced-integration#advanced-redirects)